“The real division is not between conservatives and revolutionaries but between authoritarians and libertarians.” George Orwell
Orwell’s 1944 review of F. A. Hayek’s “The Road to Serfdom” was both complimentary of this libertarian work on political economy, and critical of socialism as authoritarian; many political scientists have labeled Orwell as a “libertarian socialist”, which is odd considering the context of his popular books, like “Animal Farm” and “1984”, and the satirical style he wrote them which was inconsistent with the principle tenets of socialism, and therefore totally incompatible with authoritarianism.
It is understandable that there is some confusion about the term libertarianism given the varied definitions as to what it means, including a form of socialism or anarchism. There isn’t even clarity on the origin of the word; the philosopher William Belsham wrote metaphysically about libertarianism and the French political theorist Joseph Déjacque used the term in a political context promoting communism. Some say it was John Locke, but he used the word liberalism, as did Thomas Paine, but at that time liberalism meant the opposite of conservatism, as in loyalty to the monarchy, the ultimate authoritarianism.
The common core principles of libertarianism are that all human beings own themselves, and that the use of coercion or initiation of aggression is forbidden, known as the Non-Aggression Principle (NAP). This is essentially 18C liberalism as espoused by the Enlightenment with such thinkers like Locke and Paine, but today the term liberalism has become more perceived as an earlier form of progressivism. While there is a Libertarian Party, many independents who espouse libertarianism do not belong to it and historically vote for either of the two main parties. It has been said that libertarianism is like Buddhism, more a philosophy of life than a religion, more a philosophy of society than politics.
Currently the term “progressivism” has been used to mean so many things that it is hard at times to follow any coherent principle, except a belief in what’s best for everyone else, an elitist hubris that ignores the fact that there are those that don’t agree and have the right not to be compelled to follow policies that do not represent their interests. Self righteous virtue signaling is not benign when it leads to political action for coercive compliance to another’s world vision, the very definition of authoritarianism.
We should not fall into the trap that progressives are the same as Democrats or vice versa as that would ignore the fact that there are both Democrats and Republicans who are NeoCons; this was a political movement by liberal hawks in the 1960s known as Neoconservatism, which supported interventionism both in foreign and domestic affairs. A current example of this is Liz Cheney. Then we have the term populism, which can mean whatever appeals to those who feel disregarded by those in power; such a political approach can’t be described within the left–right political spectrum as both left and right populisms exist; Trump is a good example of this.
Historically political labels devolve, depending on the time and context as the terms often have little or no relation to the definitions of the words comprising the label. This is apparent if we consider the evolution of the two main American political parties from things quite different from where they began; one thing they both have in common today is as fractional coalitions searching for a clear division politically. In perhaps even more simpler terms for political divisions is Robert A. Heinlein observation that “The human race divides politically into those who want people to be controlled and those who have no such desire.” Both Orwell and Heinlein expressed much clearer political divisions than the useless analysis of “left versus right” and can best define the difference without the confusion with partisan affiliations.
Historically in politics, to be successful one needs to promote a vision to sell the electorate; it needs to sound bold but non-specific so as to create an illusion of virtue without the need to define specific policies. Inherently, like political labels, visions are intellectually deceptive; the goal is to create a perception to disguise their actual purpose. It is evident with the last few presidential elections that this paradigm has been called into question as the party that expressed the clearer message won. This makes what the winner actually does that much more relevant as an asset or a liability in the next election.
We will soon have the inauguration of our 47th president, a populist who rose from the political ashes of his own failures to lead a movement with a vision known as MAGA, “Make America Great Again”; what that will mean is just about anything that his administration will make of it, but he has stated some very specific policies that he must deliver on or, like many populists movements, it can become just another vision that becomes an illusion.
